First of all I'm sorry this has happened to you.
We would all like to think that we are smart and this or something similar is not going to happen to us. But the reality is that a lot of 'business' starts with a handshake or a 'friendship' and a certain degree of trust. We loan money to friends. I usually kiss this goodbye and have learned to only loan what I can afford to 'donate', lol. (learned not to keep money at work in my purse so I could honestly say I didn't have $20 on me.)
The question I'm going to ask is, is this your pilot friend? I hope not as I think a whole lot of your enjoyment of life is tied up in that relationship.
I don't have any legal advice, but I would think that since you didn't sign anything, this is still a personal deal and you could do small claims and maybe get a judgement on him in your own jurisdiction - consult an attorney or legal aid on that of course. (I do realize you have texts.) Just talking off the top of my head here, but we long ago were successful with small claims, because we kept renewing a judgement we won, and eventually the individual got to the point where they wanted to buy a house and they had to clean up their credit and judgements and we got paid our $700 after maybe 5 or 6 years.
Good luck! (real friends are hard to come by.)